Conhecimento de homens jovens usuários de crack perante o hiv / Conocimiento de hombres jóvenes usuarios de crack ante el vih / Knowledge of young male crack users on hiv

RESUMO Objetivou-se identificar o conhecimento e as situações de vulnerabilidade de homens jovens usuários de crack perante o HIV. Trata-se de pesquisa exploratória, descritiva e qualitativa, realizada em uma comunidade terapêutica do município de Fortaleza-CE, entre janeiro e março de 2012. Participaram do estudo 10 jovens, com idades entre 18 e 24 anos. As informações foram coletadas por meio de anotações em diário de campo e de entrevista semiestruturada, e os dados obtidos foram analisados pela técnica de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados indicaram quatro categorias temáticas: quem são os usuários de crack?; o conhecimento acerca do HIV; prevenção; e situações de vulnerabilidade ao HIV. Os jovens demonstraram pouco conhecimento sobre a AIDS, com predominância de mitos, e se consideravam vulneráveis ao HIV, visto que o compartilhamento de cachimbos para o uso do crack e a perda da consciência favoreciam o não uso do preservativo durante as relações sexuais e a multiplicidade de parceiros. A pesquisa traz subsídios para que o profissional de saúde se aproprie das necessidades relatadas pelos jovens e planeje estratégias educativas que possam permitir uma reflexão sobre a temática das drogas e sua relação complexa com os vários fatores que cercam essa questão, inclusive o HIV.

RESUMEN El objetivo fue identificar el conocimiento y las situaciones de vulnerabilidad de hombres jóvenes usuarios de crack ante el VIH. Se trata una investigación exploratoria-descriptiva, cualitativa, realizada en una comunidad terapéutica del municipio de Fortaleza-CE, entre enero y marzo de 2012. Participaron del estudio 10 jóvenes, con edades entre 18 y 24 años. Las informaciones fueron recolectadas por medio de apuntes en diario de campo y de entrevista semi estructurada, y los datos obtenidos fueron analizados por la técnica de análisis de contenido. Los resultados indicaron cuatro categorías temáticas: ¿quiénes son los usuarios de crack?; el conocimiento acerca del VIH; prevención; y situaciones de vulnerabilidad al VIH. Los jóvenes demostraron poco conocimiento sobre el SIDA, con predominancia de mitos, y se consideraban vulnerables al VIH, visto que el intercambio de pipas para el uso del crack yla pérdida de la conciencia favorecíanal no uso del preservativo durante las relaciones sexuales y la multiplicidad de compañeros. La investigación trae contribuciones para que el profesional de salud se apropie de las necesidades relatadas por los jóvenes y planee estrategias educativas que puedan permitir una reflexión sobre la temática de las drogas y su relación compleja con los varios factores que cercan esta cuestión, incluso, el VIH.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to identify the knowledge that young people who are crack users have on HIV and their situations of vulnerability. This is an exploratory, descriptive and qualitative research conducted in a therapeutic community in the city of Fortaleza, between January and March 2012. The study included 10 young men aged between 18 and 24 years. Information was collected through notes in a field diary and semi-structured interviews and data were analyzed using content analysis. The results indicated four thematic categories: who are the users of crack?; knowledge about HIV; prevention; and situations of vulnerability to HIV. The young men showed to have little knowledge about AIDS, especially believing in myths, and they are considered vulnerable to HIV, since they share pipes for the use of crack and lose consciousness favoring the practice of sex with multiple partners and without condoms. The research brings important information for the use healthcare professionals regarding the needs reported by young men and for them to plan educational strategies that might allow a reflection on the theme of drugs and its complex relationship with the various factors surrounding this issue, including HIV.

The thousand shades of the financial and economic crisis: a study of the social representations of the crisis in Portugal

The study describes the representations of 453 Portuguese students about the present financial and economic crisis, examining the impact of the family financial situation on these representations, and the relationship between these representations and different factors likely to influence them. An initial word association task produced 2339 responses, from which 86.75% were classified into six classes by a downward hierarchical classification. Four classes (58.26% of the corpus) confirmed that the austerity measures implemented in Portugal affected the respondents with different degrees of severity: respondents described the consequences of the crisis in terms of misery, difficulties, or change, depending on their family’s income. More generally, the discourses (41.73% of the corpus) pointed out the factors that were viewed as responsible for the crisis as well as the geopolitical situation of Portugal. The answers given to opinion scales revealed a consistent pattern of results: respondents with a lower family income experienced less positive emotions toward the crisis (η2 = .03, p = .007), more negative emotions, stronger feelings of vulnerability and relative deprivation that resulted from comparison with others (all η2 ≥ .05, p < .001). However, the unequal consequences of the crisis were reflected neither in differences in the respondents’ expectations about their future situation, which they foresaw without great changes, nor in their lack of willingness to participate in protest actions against the austerity measures (AU)

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